Early recognition of the signs of depression can help with timely referral and the start of more effective treatment. For more information on the general definition of depression, also see the article What is Depression?.

Common Signs of Depression

  • Persistent feelings of sadness or emptiness, most days
  • Loss of interest in activities that were previously enjoyable
  • Noticeable changes in appetite or weight
  • Sleep problems — insomnia or sleeping too much
  • Fatigue and reduced energy, even for simple tasks
  • Difficulty concentrating or making decisions
  • Feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt
  • Observable slowing down or restlessness in movements
  • Withdrawal from family and friends
  • Thoughts related to death or self-harm
A person writing down their feelings to better recognize the signs

When do these signs become serious?

If at least a few of these signs persist most days for two weeks or more and affect daily life, consulting a psychiatrist or psychologist is recommended.

A person having an intimate conversation with a psychiatrist about recent signs

To learn about available treatment options, also read the article How is Depression Treatment Chosen?.

A psychiatrist carefully assessing the patient's signs

Summary for Patients

Recognizing the signs of depression helps with early diagnosis and referral — if several of these signs persist for more than two weeks, consulting a specialist is recommended.

If you or someone you know has thoughts of self-harm or suicide, please contact social emergency services (123) or the nearest treatment center immediately — help is available.

Sources

  • National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) — Depression Symptoms and Warning Signs
  • World Health Organization (WHO) — Recognizing Depression
  • American Psychiatric Association — Diagnostic Criteria for Major Depressive Disorder
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